Tools of evaluation

Tools of Evaluation:

1.      Observation:

Meaning: It is an instrument of assessing personality. To measure things very minutely.

Definition: Measurement without instrument is called observation.

Examples:

1. Teachers have listened to speeches & ranked student 1, 2, 3

2.      Students have been labeled good, fair or poor in achievement & lazy or diligent in study.

3.      Farmers feel the breeze watching sky.

4.      Physicians observe of the patients talk, gestures & facial expressions.

Merits of Observation:

1.      Valuable supplementary information can be provided.

2.      Reliable & objective

3.      Study of an individual in a natural situation

4.      Used with children of all ages

5.      Used with training & experience

6.      Adaptable to both individual & groups

7.      Students work and students habit can be observed

 Limitations  / Demerits of Observation:

1.      Personal prejudice and bias of the observer

2.      No accurate observation is noted

3.      Difficult to observe small behaviour of the students

4.      Reveals the overt behaviour only

Principles to be followed in making observation:

1.      Observe whole situation

2.      Select one student to observe

3.      Observe in their regular activities

4.      Observation should be made over a period of days

5.      Collect observations from several teachers

Requisites of good observation:

1.      Proper planning

      Define specific activities or units of behaviour clearly. Select appropriate group of subjects. Decide time period for the observation, form of recording and instrument use for recording. Decide physical position too.

2.      Proper execution:

      Arrange special conditions. Execute observation at decided physical position. Focus attention. Observe discreetly. Properly handle recording instrument to record observation. Utilize training received in terms of expertness.

3.      Proper Recording:

Depend upon the nature of activities or behaviour of the group to observe. It is depend on two methods.

1.      Simultaneous observation: Time gap may distract fact. May be able to recall

2.      After observation: Time gap do not distract fact. May not able  to recall.

Devices used in observation are checklist, rating scale, score cards and blank form of tallying frequency.

4.      Proper Interpretation:

      Interpret observation cautiously and judiciously. See that limitations of planning, sampling or procedure may give wrong interpretation.